Other Names: folic acid, vitamin b9, vitamin Bc, folacin, pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, pteroyl-L-glutamate, pteroylmonoglutamic acid

Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in leafy greens, citrus fruits, dried beans and peas. This B vitamin is essential as it is part of the coenzyme reaction that synthesizes DNA required for cell growth and formation. Folate acts as a powerful antioxidant that supports natural defenses which protect DNA from foreign invaders. In doing so, folate helps support optimal DNA health.

Research has also shown that folate is very useful at supporting the immune system and promoting the body’s ability to naturally protect itself from oxidative stress. It supports natural defenses that protect cells in the body as well. Furthermore, folate promotes heart health by supporting ideal levels of a substance called homocysteine. Too much homocysteine in the blood is associated with certain health issues. In addition, folate aids biological processes that are essential for new blood cell and white cell development. Specific white blood cells such as T-lymphocytes and macrophages help protect healthy cells from harmful invaders. Research also suggests that folate supports skin health.

Studies on Folate:

  1. Kim YJ, Ahn YH, Lim Y, Kim JY, Kim J, Kwon O. Daily nutritional dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals improves DNA and LDL stability: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2013 Dec 18;5(12):5218-32. doi: 10.3390/nu5125218.
  2. Hasoun LZ, Bailey SW, Outlaw KK, Ayling JE. Effect of serum folate status on total folate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human skin. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;98(1):42-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.057562. Epub 2013 May 15.
  3. Fischer F, Achterberg V, März A, Puschmann S, Rahn CD, Lutz V, Krüger A, Schwengler H, Jaspers S, Koop U, Blatt T, Wenck H, Gallinat S. Folic acid and creatine improve the firmness of human skin in vivo. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Mar;10(1):15-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00543.x.
  4. Frank Fischer PhD, Volker Achterberg PhD, Annette März PhD, Stefan Puschmann B, Christian-Dennis Rahn PhD. Folic acid and creatine improve the firmness of human skin in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Volume 10, Issue 1, pages 15–23, March 2011.

Other research:

  1. Ekaidem IS, Usoh IF, Akpanabiatu MI, Uboh FE, Akpan HD. Urate synthesis and oxidative stress in phenytoin hepatotoxicity: the role of antioxidant vitamins. Pak J Biol Sci. 2014 Nov;17(11):1179-84.
  2. Acharyya N, Deb B, Chattopadhyay S, Maiti S. Arsenic-Induced Antioxidant Depletion, Oxidative DNA Breakage, and Tissue Damages are Prevented by the Combined Action of Folate and Vitamin B12. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
  3. Beydoun MA, Dore GA, Canas JA, Beydoun HA, Zonderman AB. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity’s association with markers of iron, 1-carbon metabolism, and antioxidant status among US adults: a structural equations modeling approach. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 27;10(3):e0121390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121390. eCollection 2015.
  4. Lymperaki E, Tsikopoulos A, Makedou K, Paliogianni E, Kiriazi L, Charisi C, Vagdatli E. Impact of iron and folic acid supplementation on oxidative stress during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 Feb 18:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
  5. Qin L, Wang W, You S, Dong J, Zhou Y, Wang J. In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo antifatigue effect of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for folic acid. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014 Dec 4;9:5701-10. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S74306. eCollection 2014.
  6. Alférez MJ, Rivas E, Díaz-Castro J, Hijano S, Nestares T, Moreno M, Campos MS, Serrano-Reina JA, López-Aliaga I. Folic acid supplemented goat milk has beneficial effects on hepatic physiology, haematological status and antioxidant defence during chronic Fe repletion. J Dairy Res. 2015 Feb;82(1):86-94. doi: 10.1017/S0022029914000624. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
  7. Martínez-Vega R, Garrido F, Partearroyo T, Cediel R, Zeisel SH, Martínez-Álvarez C, Varela-Moreiras G, Varela-Nieto I, Pajares MA. Folic acid deficiency induces premature hearing loss through mechanisms involving cochlear oxidative stress and impairment of homocysteine metabolism. FASEB J. 2015 Feb;29(2):418-32. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-259283. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
  8. Assies J, Mocking RJ, Lok A, Ruhé HG, Pouwer F, Schene AH. Effects of oxidative stress on fatty acid- and one-carbon-metabolism in psychiatric and cardiovascular disease comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014 Sep;130(3):163-80. doi: 10.1111/acps.12265. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
  9. Kim YJ, Ahn YH, Lim Y, Kim JY, Kim J, Kwon O. Daily nutritional dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals improves DNA and LDL stability: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2013 Dec 18;5(12):5218-32. doi: 10.3390/nu5125218.
  10. Kocic G, Bjelakovic L, Bjelakovic B, Jevtoci-Stoimenov T, Sokolovic D, Cvetkovic T, Kocic H, Stojanovic S, Langerholc T, Jonovic M. Impact of folic acid supplementation on single- and double-stranded RNA degradation in human colostrum and mature milk. J Med Food. 2014 Jul;17(7):804-9. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0093. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
  11. Wang J, Dou B, Bao Y. Efficient targeted pDNA/siRNA delivery with folate-low-molecular-weight polyethyleneimine-modified pullulan as non-viral carrier. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014 Jan 1;34:98-109. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.035. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
  12. Ni J, Liang Z, Zhou T, Cao N, Xia X, Wang X. A decreased micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes after folate and vitamin B12 intervention: a preliminary study in a Yunnan population. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012 Dec;82(6):374-82. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000134.
  13. Jreyssaty C, Shi Q, Wang H, Qiu X, Winnik FM, Zhang X, Dai K, Benderdour M, Fernandes JC. Efficient Nonviral Gene Therapy Using Folate-Targeted Chitosan-DNA Nanoparticles In Vitro. ISRN Pharm. 2012;2012:369270. doi: 10.5402/2012/369270. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
  14. Stidley CA, Picchi MA, Leng S, Willink R, Crowell RE, Flores KG, Kang H, Byers T, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA. Multivitamins, folate, and green vegetables protect against gene promoter methylation in the aerodigestive tract of smokers. Cancer Res. 2010 Jan 15;70(2):568-74. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3410. Epub 2010 Jan 12.
  15. Fernandes JC, Wang H, Jreyssaty C, Benderdour M, Lavigne P, Qiu X, Winnik FM, Zhang X, Dai K, Shi Q. Bone-protective effects of nonviral gene therapy with folate-chitosan DNA nanoparticle containing interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Mol Ther. 2008 Jul;16(7):1243-51. doi: 10.1038/mt.2008.99. Epub 2008 May 20.
  16. Budni J, Zomkowski AD, Engel D, Santos DB, dos Santos AA, Moretti M, Valvassori SS, Ornell F, Quevedo J, Farina M, Rodrigues AL. Folic acid prevents depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance induced by restraint stress in mice. Exp Neurol. 2013 Feb;240:112-21. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.024. Epub 2012 Nov 8.
  17. Singh R, Kanwar SS, Sood PK, Nehru B. Beneficial effects of folic acid on enhancement of memory and antioxidant status in aged rat brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2011 Jan;31(1):83-91. doi: 10.1007/s10571-010-9557-1. Epub 2010 Dec 18.
  18. Kishimoto K, Kobayashi R, Sano H, Suzuki D, Maruoka H, Yasuda K, Chida N, Yamada M, Kobayashi K. Impact of folate therapy on combined immunodeficiency secondary to hereditary folate malabsorption. Clin Immunol. 2014 Jul;153(1):17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.014. Epub 2014 Mar 29.
  19. Pufulete M, Abbadi RA, Arno M, Ewins M, Green C, Astarloa EA, Sanders T, Emery P. The influence of folate supplementation on global gene expression in normal colonic mucosa of subjects with colorectal adenoma. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Apr;57(4):709-20. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200617. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
  20. Munyaka PM, Tactacan G, Jing M, O K, House JD, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC. Immunomodulation in young laying hens by dietary folic acid and acute immune responses after challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci. 2012 Oct;91(10):2454-63.
  21. Kinoshita M, Kayama H, Kusu T, Yamaguchi T, Kunisawa J, Kiyono H, Sakaguchi S, Takeda K. Dietary folic acid promotes survival of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the colon. J Immunol. 2012 Sep 15;189(6):2869-78. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200420. Epub 2012 Aug 6.
  22. Hasoun LZ, Bailey SW, Outlaw KK, Ayling JE. Effect of serum folate status on total folate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human skin. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;98(1):42-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.057562. Epub 2013 May 15.

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